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UNESCO, or the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was founded on November 16, 1945. The primary goal of this organization is to support peace and security by promoting cooperation among nations through education, science, and culture, with the aim of enhancing mutual respect based on the principles of justice, rule of law, human rights, and genuine freedom, as outlined in Article 1 of the UNESCO Constitution.
Currently, UNESCO has a membership of 191 countries and is headquartered in Paris, France. In addition to its main headquarters, UNESCO also has 50 field offices and several institutions and institutes worldwide. UNESCO has five main programs that encompass education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, as well as communication and information. The organization initiates various projects, including literacy programs, teacher training, international scientific cooperation, regional and cultural history projects, and the promotion of cultural diversity. Furthermore, UNESCO focuses on international cooperation to protect cultural and natural heritage, as well as to promote human rights. The organization also strives to address the global digital divide.